栒子属
栒子屬![]() | |
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耐寒栒子(Cotoneaster frigidus)的叶和花 | |
科学分类 ![]() | |
界: | 植物界 Plantae |
演化支: | 维管植物 Tracheophyta |
演化支: | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
演化支: | 真双子叶植物 Eudicots |
演化支: | 蔷薇类植物 Rosids |
目: | 蔷薇目 Rosales |
科: | 蔷薇科 Rosaceae |
亚科: | 桃亚科 Amygdaloideae |
族: | 苹果族 Maleae |
亚族: | 苹果亚族 Malinae |
属: | 栒子屬 Cotoneaster Medik., 1789 |
模式種 | |
全缘栒子 Cotoneaster integerrimus Medik.[1]
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物种 | |
栒子属(学名:Cotoneaster),又稱舖地蜈蚣屬,為蔷薇科蘋果亞科或绣线菊亚科的一群木本植物,分布於古北界(温带亚洲、欧洲、非洲北部),在中国西南部和西部山区有很强的多样性。[4]栒子属与山楂属(Crataegus)、火棘属(Pyracantha)、石楠属(Photinia)和花楸属(Sorbus)有亲缘关系。
根据不同学者对物种的定义,栒子属包含70-300个不同的物种,其中有很多无融合生殖的小种(microspecies)被部分学者认为是独立的物种,但对於其他学者来说仅为变种。[4][5]
形态特征
栒子属植物为落叶、常绿或半常绿植物,其中大部分物种是株高0.5-5米的灌木,形态各异,可以是紧贴地面匍匐生长,也可以是直立生长。耐寒栒子(Cotoneaster frigidus)等小部分物种是小型乔木,株高达15米,树干直径达75厘米。匍匐生长的物种大多数是高山植物,生长在高海拔地区,例如C. integrifolius就生长在海拔高达3,000-4,000米的喜马拉雅地区,而其他的较大型物种则生长在低海拔的矮灌木丛以及林隙中。[1]
枝条有两种形态,其中长枝长10-40厘米,其上生长确定植株形态的硬枝,短枝长0.5-5厘米,其上生长花芽,这种生长方式使枝条成为一个个分叉组成的形态。冬季芽小,具数个覆瓦状鳞片。叶互生,有时排成二列,长0.5-15厘米,卵形至披针形,全缘,叶柄短,托叶小,早落。花单生,2-3朵单生或组成达100朵花的伞房花序,顶生在短枝顶端或腋生;萼筒钟状、筒状或陀螺状,具短萼片5枚;花瓣5枚,直立、张开或平展,直径5-10毫米,花色包括白、乳白、淡粉红、深粉红、红色;雄蕊一般为20枚,少数为5-25枚;花柱2-5枚,离生,心皮背面与萼筒连合,腹面分离,每心皮有2胚珠,子房下位或半下位;花期为春末至夏初。果实为小型梨果,直径5-12毫米,成熟时一般为粉红、鲜红或橙黄色,偶有褐红色或紫黑色,先端有宿存萼片,包含1-3枚小核,偶尔多达5枚,每一骨质小核一般包含1粒种子,种子扁平,子叶扁平凸起。[1][5][6]有些物种的果实到翌年才会脱落。
野生价值
![](http://images.weserv.nl/?url=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Cotoneaster_frigidus_Turdus_pilaris_3.jpg/250px-Cotoneaster_frigidus_Turdus_pilaris_3.jpg)
栒子属植物是一些鳞翅目昆虫幼虫的食物,这些昆虫包括赛剑纹夜蛾(Acronicta psi)、灰裙尺蠖蛾(Erannis defoliaria)、Nola cucullatella(一种瘤蛾科昆虫)、冬尺蠖蛾(Operophtera brumata)以及山楂巢蛾(Scythropia crataegella)。花会吸引蜜蜂和蝴蝶,鸟会食用植物的果实。
虽然在分布於英国和爱尔兰的栒子属原生物种相当少,但当地将栒子属和火棘属植物视为很有价值的花蜜来源,因为当地在6月时蜜源极为匮乏。红色的果实对於欧乌鸫和其他鸫属鸟类也是极具诱惑力的食物。
栽培利用
栒子属是很受欢迎的园林灌木植物,因为其株型美观,夏季能开出密集的花束,秋季能接触艳丽的累累果实,在庭园中还可以修剪成绿篱,而匍匐散生种类可以作为岩石地面植被或堤岸植物。[1]有些栒子属园林灌木是杂交种,如常见的Cotoneaster ×watereri Exell由耐寒栒子(C. frigidus)和柳叶栒子(C. salicifolius)杂交得到,不过大部分不是杂交种。[6]繁殖方式有播种、扦插和嫁接,播种後1-3年发芽。栒子属植物木质坚硬,可制作手杖和其他柄状器物。[1]
很多物种已经逸生到野外,成为入侵植物,因为当地的气候条件适宜其生长,例如很多原产於中国的物种已在欧洲西北部成为归化物种[7];粉叶栒子(C. glaucophyllus)已在澳大利亚[8]和美国加利福尼亚州成为入侵植物[9];西蒙氏栒子(C. simonsii)已被新西兰列入《National Pest Plant Accord》以防止其销售和散布,因为其入侵性很强。
命名和分类
属名Cotoneaster源自拉丁语cotone,是一个古老的拉丁名称,意为榲桲,而後缀-aster意为“相似的”。这一属名是阳性,不过在一些旧文献中被误当作阴性,这就导致很多物种的种加词有不同版本的词尾(如全缘栒子Cotoneaster integerrimus的异名Cotoneaster integerrima)。[5]
栒子属常被分为2个或更多组,不过由於杂交种的存在,情况比较复杂:[5]
- 疏花组 sect. Cotoneaster(异名sect. Orthopetalum):单花或6枚花簇生,被片立起,常为淡粉色,大部分为小型灌木。
- sect. Chaenopetalum:超过20朵花组成伞房花序,被片平展,乳白色,大部分为大型灌木。
- 密花组 sect. Deniflos
- 柳叶系 ser. Salicifollii
- 耐寒系 ser. Frigidi
- 疏花组 sect. Cotoneaster
- 多花系 ser. Multiflori
- 尖叶系 ser. Acuminati
- 全缘系 ser. Integerrimi
- 单花组 sect. Uniflos
- 小叶系 ser. Microphylli
- 两列系 ser. Distichi
![](http://images.weserv.nl/?url=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Cotoneaster_acuminatus_-_berries_%28aka%29.jpg/250px-Cotoneaster_acuminatus_-_berries_%28aka%29.jpg)
![](http://images.weserv.nl/?url=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Cotoneaster_acutifolius.jpg/250px-Cotoneaster_acutifolius.jpg)
物种
本属包括以下物种:[10]
- 尖叶栒子 Cotoneaster acuminatus Lindl.
- 灰栒子 Cotoneaster acutifolius Turcz.
- 密毛灰栒子 Cotoneaster acutifolius var. villosulus Rehder & E. H. Wilson,细柔毛栒子,异名:Cotoneaster villosulus (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Flinck & B.Hylmö)
- 灰栒子 Cotoneaster acutifolius var. acutifolius
- Cotoneaster acutiusculus Pojark.
- 匍匐栒子 Cotoneaster adpressus Bois
- Cotoneaster aestivalis (Walter) Wenz.
- 藏边栒子 Cotoneaster affinis Lindl.
- Cotoneaster afghanicus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster aitchisoni C.K.Schneid.
- Cotoneaster alashanensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster alatavicus Popov
- Cotoneaster alaunicus Golitsin
- Cotoneaster albokermesinus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster allanderi J.Fryer
- Cotoneaster allochrous Pojark.
- Cotoneaster altaicus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 川康栒子 Cotoneaster ambiguus Rehder & E.H.Wilson
- 美丽栒子 Cotoneaster amoenus E.H.Wilson
- Cotoneaster amphigenus Chaten.
- Cotoneaster annapurnae J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster angustifolius Franch.
- Cotoneaster antoninae Juz. & N.I.Orlova(或A.Vassiliev)
细尖栒子 - 细尖栒子 Cotoneaster apiculatus Rehder & E.H.Wilson
- Cotoneaster applanatus Duthie ex J.H.Veitch
- Cotoneaster arborescens Zabel.
- Cotoneaster arbusculus G.Klotz
- 银毛栒子 Cotoneaster argenteus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster armenus Pojark.
- 紫果水栒子 Cotoneaster atropurpureus Flinck & B.Hylmö,异名:Cotoneaster multiflorus var. atropurpureus Yü
- Cotoneaster arvernensis Gand.
- Cotoneaster ascendens Flinck & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster assadii Khat.
- Cotoneaster assamensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster astrophoros J.Fryer & E.C.Nelson
- Cotoneaster ataensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster atlanticus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster atrovirens J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster atuntzensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster auranticus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster bacillaris Wall. ex Lindl.
- Cotoneaster baenitzii Pax
- 毛萼栒子 Cotoneaster bakeri G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster balticus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster bilokonii Grevtsova
- Cotoneaster bisramianus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster blinii H.Lév.
- Cotoneaster bodinieri H.Lév.
- Cotoneaster boisianus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster borealichinensis (Hurus.) Hurus.
- Cotoneaster borealis Petz. & G.Kirchn.
- Cotoneaster brachypodus Pojark. ex Zakirov
- Cotoneaster bradyi E.C.Nelson J.Fryer
- Cotoneaster brandisii G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster brevirameus Rehder & Wilson
- Cotoneaster brickelli J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster browiczii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
泡叶栒子 - 泡叶栒子 Cotoneaster bullatus Bois
- Cotoneaster bumthangensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster burmanicus G.Klotz
- 黄杨叶栒子 Cotoneaster buxifolius Wall. ex Lindl.
- Cotoneaster californicus A.Murray bis
- 大果水栒子 Cotoneaster calocarpus (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Flinck & B.Hylmö
- 野栒子 Cotoneaster cambricus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster campanulatus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster canescens Vestergr. ex B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster capsicinus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster cardinalis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster cashmiriensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster cavei G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster chaffanjonii H.Lév.
- Cotoneaster chailaricus (G.Klotz) Flinck & B.Hylmö
- 镇康栒子 Cotoneaster chengkangensis T.T.Yu
- Cotoneaster chrysobotrys Hand. - Mazz.
- Cotoneaster chulingensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster chungtiensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster cinerascens (Rehder) Flinck & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster cinnabarinus Juz.
- Cotoneaster coadunatus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster coccineus Steud.
- Cotoneaster commixtus (C.K.Schneid.) Flinck & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster comptus Lem.
- Cotoneaster confusus G.Klotz
- 大果栒子 Cotoneaster conspicuus H. F. Comber ex C. Marquand,大果小叶栒子,异名:Cotoneaster microphyllus var. conspicuus Messel ex anon.
- Cotoneaster convexus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster cooperi C.Marquand
- Cotoneaster cordatus Focke
- Cotoneaster cordifolioides G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster cordifolius G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster coreanus H.Lév.
- 厚叶栒子 Cotoneaster coriaceus Franch.
克鲁比亚栒子 - 克鲁比亚栒子 Cotoneaster 'Cornubia'
- Cotoneaster cossineus Steud.
- Cotoneaster crenulatus (D.Don) K.Koch
- Cotoneaster creticus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster crispii Exell
- Cotoneaster cuilus Lee ex K.Koch
- Cotoneaster cuspidatus C.Marquand ex J.Fryer
- Cotoneaster daliensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
矮生栒子 - 矮生栒子 Cotoneaster dammeri C.K.Schneid.
- Cotoneaster daralagesicus Grevtsova
- Cotoneaster davidianus hort. ex Dippel
- Cotoneaster decandrus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster declinatus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster degenensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 铺茎栒子 Cotoneaster delavayanus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster delphinensis Chatenier
- Cotoneaster densiflorus M.W. Li, Q. Fan & W. B. Liao[11]
- Cotoneaster denticulatus Kunth
小叶木帚栒子 - 木帚栒子 Cotoneaster dielsianus E.Pritz. ex Diels
- Cotoneaster difficilis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster discolor Pojark.
- 脱毛栒子 Cotoneaster dissimilis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster distichus Lange
散生栒子 - 散生栒子 Cotoneaster divaricatus Rehder & E.H.Wilson
- Cotoneaster dojamensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 毛瓣栒子 Cotoneaster dokeriensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster drogochius J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 大叶两列栒子 Cotoneaster duthieanus (C.K.Schneid.) G.Klotz,异名:Cotoneaster nitidus Jacq. var. duthieanus (Schneid.) Yu
- Cotoneaster elatus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster ellipticus (Lindl.) Loudon
- Cotoneaster emarginatus hort. ex K.Koch
- Cotoneaster emeiensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster encavei J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster eriocarpus hort.
- Cotoneaster erratus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster erzincanicus J.Fryer
- Cotoneaster esfandiarii Khat.
- Cotoneaster esquirolii H.Lév.
- Cotoneaster estonicus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster falconeri G.Klotz
- 恩施栒子 Cotoneaster fangianus T.T.Yu
- Cotoneaster farreri Klotzsch
- Cotoneaster fastigiatus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster favargeri J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster fletcheri G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster flinckii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster floccosus (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Flinck & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster floridus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster fontanesii Grossh.
- Cotoneaster formosanus Hayata
- Cotoneaster forrestii G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster fortunei Wenz.
麻核栒子 - 麻核栒子 Cotoneaster foveolatus Rehder & E.H.Wilson
西南栒子,花 西南栒子,果实 - 西南栒子 Cotoneaster franchetii Bois
西南栒子,枝叶 西南栒子,树冠 - 耐寒栒子 Cotoneaster frigidus Wall. ex Lindl.
- Cotoneaster froebelii Vilm.
- Cotoneaster fruticosus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster gamblei G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster ganghobaensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster garhwalensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster genitianus Hurus. ex Nakai
- Cotoneaster gesneri Kirschl.
- Cotoneaster gilgitensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster girardii Flinck & B.Hylmö ex G.Klotz
- 光叶栒子 Cotoneaster glabratus Rehder & E.H.Wilson
- 粉叶栒子 Cotoneaster glaucophyllus Franch.
- 小叶粉叶栒子 Cotoneaster glaucophyllus var. meiophyllus W. W. Sm.,异名:Cotoneaster meiophyllus (W.W.Sm.) G.Klotz)
- 多花粉叶栒子 Cotoneaster glaucophyllus var. serotinus (Hutch.) L. T. Lu & Brach,异名:Cotoneaster serotinus Hutch.
- 毛萼粉叶栒子 Cotoneaster glaucophyllus var. vestitus W.W.Smith.(异名Cotoneaster vestitus (W.W.Sm.) Flinck & B.Hylmö)
- Cotoneaster globosus (Hurus.) G.Klotz
- 球花栒子 Cotoneaster glomerulatus W.W.Sm.
- Cotoneaster goloskokovii Pojark.
- 贡嘎山栒子 Cotoneaster gonggashanensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster gotlandicus B.Hylmö
- 细弱栒子 Cotoneaster gracilis Rehder & E.H.Wilson
- Cotoneaster grammontii hort. ex K.Koch
- Cotoneaster granatensis Boiss
- Cotoneaster griffithii G.Klotz
- 关门山栒子 Cotoneaster guanmenensis J.Fryer
- 西昌栒子 Cotoneaster handel-mazzettii G.Klotz
- 蒙自栒子 Cotoneaster harrovianus E.H.Wilson
- 丹巴栒子 Cotoneaster harrysmithii Flinck & B.Hylmö
- 钝叶栒子 Cotoneaster hebephyllus Diels
- 黄毛钝叶栒子 Cotoneaster hebephyllus var. fulvidus W. W. Sm.(异名Cotoneaster fulvidus (W.W.Sm.) G.Klotz)
- 灰毛钝叶栒子 Cotoneaster hebephyllus var. incanus W. W. Sm.(异名Cotoneaster incanus (W.W.Sm.) G.Klotz)
- 大果钝叶栒子 Cotoneaster hebephyllus var. majusculus W. W. Sm.(异名Cotoneaster majusculus (W.W.Sm.) G.Klotz)
- 钝叶栒子 Cotoneaster hebephyllus var. hebephyllus(异名Cotoneaster monopyrenus (W.W.Sm.) Flinck & B.Hylmö)
- Cotoneaster hedegaardii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster hersianus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster heterophyllus J.Fryer
- Cotoneaster hicksii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster himaleiensis hort. ex Zabel
- Cotoneaster himalayensis hort. ex Lavallee
- Cotoneaster hissaricus Pojark.
- 海姆维斯蒂栒子 Cotoneaster hjelmqvistii Flinck & B.Hylmö
- 鹤庆栒子 Cotoneaster hodjingensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster hookeri hort. ex Zabel
- Cotoneaster hookerianus hort. ex Lavallee
平枝栒子 - 平枝栒子 Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne.
- 小叶平枝栒子 Cotoneaster horizontalis var. perpusillus Schneid.(异名Cotoneaster perpusillus (C.K.Schneid.) Flinck & B.Hylmö)
- 平枝栒子 Cotoneaster horizontalis var. horizontalis
- Cotoneaster hsingshangensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 花蓮栒子 Cotoneaster hualiensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster humifusus Duthie ex J.H.Veitch
- Cotoneaster humilis Donn
- Cotoneaster hummelii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster hunanensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 河北栒子 Cotoneaster hurusawaianus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster hylanderi B.Hylmö & J.Fryer
- Cotoneaster hymalaicus Carriere
- Cotoneaster hylmoei Flinck & J.Fryer
- Cotoneaster hypocarpus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster ichangensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster ignavus E.L.Wolf
- Cotoneaster ignescens J.Fryer & B.Hylmö - Firebird Cotoneaster
- Cotoneaster ignotus G.Klotz - Black-grape Cotoneaster
- Cotoneaster improvisus Klotzsch
- Cotoneaster induratus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö - Hardy Cotoneaster
- Cotoneaster inexspectus G.Klotz
- 陷脉栒子 Cotoneaster insculptus Diels
- Cotoneaster insignis Pojark.
- Cotoneaster insignoides J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster insolitus G.Klotz
- 全缘栒子 Cotoneaster integerrimus Medik.
Cotoneaster integrifolius的枝条,长枝上有数个短枝,果实直径8毫米 - Cotoneaster integrifolius (Roxb.) G.Klotz - Entire-leaved Cotoneaster
- Cotoneaster intermedius (Lecoq. & Lamotte) H.J.Coste
- Cotoneaster japonicus hort. ex Dippel
- Cotoneaster juranus Gand.
- Cotoneaster kaganensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster kamaoensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster kangtinensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster kansuensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster karatavicus Pojark.
- Cotoneaster karelicus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 巴塘栒子 Cotoneaster kaschkarovii Pojark.
- Cotoneaster kerstanii G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster khasiensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster kingdonii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster kirgizicus Grevtsova
- Cotoneaster kitaibelii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster klotzii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster koizumii Hayata
- 康布栒子 Cotoneaster kongboensis G.Klotz
- 小西氏栒子 Cotoneaster konishii Hayata,马太鞍栒子、台灣舖地蜈蚣
- Cotoneaster kotschyi (C.K.Schneid.) G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster krasnovii Pojark.
- Cotoneaster kullensis B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster kweitschoviensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster lacei Klotzsch
乳白花栒子,花 乳白花栒子,植株 - 乳白花栒子 Cotoneaster lacteus W.W.Sm.
- Cotoneaster laetevirens (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster laevis hort. ex Steud.
- Cotoneaster lambertii G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster lamprofolius J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster lanatus hort. ex Regel
- Cotoneaster lancasteri J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 中甸栒子 Cotoneaster langei G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster langtangensis B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster lanshanensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster latifolius J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster laxiflorus Jacq. ex Lindl.
- Cotoneaster lesliei J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster leveillei J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 丽江栒子 Cotoneaster lidjiangensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster lindleyi Steud.
- Cotoneaster linearifolius (G.Klotz) G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster logginovae Grevtsova
- Cotoneaster lomahunensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
贝加尔栒子 - 贝加尔栒子 Cotoneaster lucidus Schltdl.
- 单核栒子 Cotoneaster ludlowii G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster luristanicus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster macrocarpus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster magnificus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster mairei H.Lév. - Maire's Cotoneaster
- Cotoneaster marquandii G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster marroninus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster mathonnetii Gand.
- Cotoneaster matrensis Domokos
- Cotoneaster megalocarpus Popov
- 黑果栒子 Cotoneaster melanocarpus Lodd.
- Cotoneaster melanotrichus (Franch.) G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster meuselii G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster meyeri Pojark.
无毛小叶栒子 - 小叶栒子 Cotoneaster microphyllus Wall. ex Lindl.
- 白毛小叶栒子 Cotoneaster microphyllus var. cochleatus (Franch.) Rehder & E. H. Wilson(异名:Cotoneaster cochleatus (Franch.) G.Klotz)
- 无毛小叶栒子 Cotoneaster microphyllus var. glacialis Hook. f. ex Wenz.(异名Cotoneaster glacialis (Hook.f. ex Wenz.) Panigrahi & Arv.Kumar,Cotoneaster congestus Baker,Cotoneaster pyrenaicus hort. ex Rehder, nom. inval.)
- 细叶小叶栒子 Cotoneaster microphyllus var. thymifolius Koehne(异名:Cotoneaster thymifolius Wall. ex Lindl.)
- 小叶栒子 Cotoneaster microphyllus var. microphyllus
- Cotoneaster milkedandai J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster mingkwongensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster miniatus (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Flinck & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster minimus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster minitomentellus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster minutus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster mirabilis G.Klotz & Krugel
- Cotoneaster misturatus J.Fryer
- 蒙古栒子 Cotoneaster mongolicus Pojark.
- Cotoneaster montanus Lange ex Dippel
- 台湾栒子 Cotoneaster morrisonensis Hayata
- Cotoneaster morulus Pojark.
- 宝兴栒子 Cotoneaster moupinensis Franch.
- 突尖栒子 Cotoneaster mucronatus Franch.
- 木里栒子 Cotoneaster muliensis G.Klotz
- 水栒子 Cotoneaster multiflorus Bunge
- Cotoneaster nagaensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster nakai Hayata
- Cotoneaster naninitens J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster nanshan M.Vilm. ex Mottet - Dwarf Cotoneaster
- Cotoneaster nantaouensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster nanus (G.Klotz) G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster narynensis Tkatsch. ex J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster nebrodensis (Guss.) K.Koch
- Cotoneaster nedoluzhkoi Tzvelev.
- Cotoneaster nefedovii Galushko
- Cotoneaster neo-antoninae A.N.Vassiljeva
- Cotoneaster neopopovii Czerep.
- Cotoneaster nepalensis hort. ex K.Koch
- Cotoneaster nervosus Decne
- Cotoneaster nevadensis Boiss. ex Steud.
- Cotoneaster newryensis Lemoine
- Cotoneaster niger (Wahlenb.) Fries
- 光泽栒子 Cotoneaster nitens Rehder & E.H.Wilson
- 亮叶栒子 Cotoneaster nitidifolius Marquand
- 两列栒子 Cotoneaster nitidus Jacques
- 小叶两列栒子 Cotoneaster nitidus var. parvifolius (Yu) Yu(异名Cotoneaster parvifolius (Hook.f.) Panigrahi & Arv.Kumar)
- 两列栒子 Cotoneaster nitidus var. nitidus
- Cotoneaster nivalis (G.Klotz) G.Panigrahi & A.Kumar
- Cotoneaster nohelii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 显著栒子 Cotoneaster notabilis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster nudiflorus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster nummularioides Pojark.
- Cotoneaster nummularius Fisch. & Mey.
- Cotoneaster obovatus Osmaston
- 暗红栒子 Cotoneaster obscurus Rehder & E.H.Wilson
- Cotoneaster obtusisepalus Gand.
- Cotoneaster obtusus Wall. ex Lindl.
- 少花栒子 Cotoneaster oliganthus Pojark.
- 少果栒子 Cotoneaster oligocarpus C.K.Schneid.
- Cotoneaster omissus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster orbicularis Schltdl.
- Cotoneaster orientalis (Mill.) Borbas
- Cotoneaster osmastonii G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster ottoschwarzii G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster ovatus Pojark.
- Cotoneaster pangiensis G.Klotz
毡毛栒子 毡毛栒子 - 毡毛栒子 Cotoneaster pannosus Franch.
- 大叶毡毛栒子 Cotoneaster pannosus var. robustior W.W.Smith
- 毡毛栒子 Cotoneaster pannosus var. pannosus
- Cotoneaster paradoxus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster parkeri G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster parkinsonii Panigrahi & Arv.Kumar
- Cotoneaster parnassicus Boiss. & Heldr.
- Cotoneaster peduncularis Boiss.
- 北京栒子 Cotoneaster pekinensis (Koehne) Zabel
- Cotoneaster permutatus G.Klotz
- 聚花栒子 Cotoneaster pleuriflorus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster poluninii G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster procumbens G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster prostratus Baker - Procumbent Cotoneaster
- Cotoneaster przewalskii Pojark.
- Cotoneaster pseudoambiguus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö - Kangting Cotoneaster
- 叢花車輪桃 Cotoneaster racemiflorus K.Koch
- Cotoneaster rehderi Pojark. - Bullate Cotoneaster
- 网脉栒子 Cotoneaster reticulatus Rehder & E.H.Wilson
- 麻叶栒子 Cotoneaster rhytidophyllus Rehder & E.H.Wilson
- 罗氏栒子 Cotoneaster rockii
Cotoneaster roseus - Cotoneaster roseus Edgew.
- Cotoneaster rosiflorus K. C. Chang & F. Y. Lu [12]
- 圆叶栒子 Cotoneaster rotundifolius Wall. ex Lindl. - Round-leaved Cotoneaster
- 红花栒子 Cotoneaster rubens W.W.Sm.
- 小叶红花栒子 Cotoneaster rubens var. minianus Yü
- 红花栒子 Cotoneaster rubens var. rubens Yü
柳叶栒子,花 柳叶栒子,叶 柳叶栒子,果实 柳叶栒子,植株 - 柳叶栒子 Cotoneaster salicifolius Franch.
- 大叶柳叶栒子 Cotoneaster salicifolius var. henryanus (C. K. Schneid.) T. T. Yu(异名Cotoneaster henryanus (C.K.Schneid.) Rehder & E.H.Wilson)
- 皱叶柳叶栒子 Cotoneaster salicifolius var. rugosus (E. Pritz.) Rehder & E. H. Wilson
- 窄叶柳叶栒子 Cotoneaster salicifolius var. angustus Yu(异名Cotoneaster angustus (T.T.Yu) G.Klotz)
- 柳叶栒子 Cotoneaster salicifolius var. salicifolius
- Cotoneaster salwinensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster sanbaensis J.Fryer
- Cotoneaster sandakphuensis G.Klotz
- 血色栒子 Cotoneaster sanguineus T.T.Yu
- Cotoneaster sargentii G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster saxatilis Pojark.
- Cotoneaster saxonicus B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster scandinavicus B.Hylmö
- 山东栒子 Cotoneaster schantungensis G.Klotz
- 钝尖栒子 Cotoneaster schlechtendalii G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster schubertii G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster shannanensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö - Shannan Cotoneaster
- Cotoneaster shansiensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 康巴栒子 Cotoneaster sherriffii G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster sichuanensis Klotzsch
- 西康栒子 Cotoneaster sikangensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster sikkimensis Mouill.
- 华中栒子 Cotoneaster silvestrei Pamp.(异名Cotoneaster hupehensis Rehder & E.H.Wilson)
- 西蒙氏栒子 Cotoneaster simonsii Baker
- Cotoneaster smithii G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster soczavianus Pojark.
- 准噶尔栒子 Cotoneaster soongoricus (Regel & Herder) Popov
- 小果准噶尔栒子 Cotoneaster soongoricus var. microcarpus (Rehder & E. H. Wilson) G. Klotz(异名Cotoneaster microcarpus (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Flinck & B.Hylmö)
- 准噶尔栒子 Cotoneaster soongoricus var. soongoricus
- Cotoneaster sordidus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster soulieanus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster spathulatus (Michx.) Wenz.
- Cotoneaster spongbergii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 尼东栒子 Cotoneaster staintonii G.Klotz
- 硬枝栒子 Cotoneaster sternianus (Turrill) Boom
- Cotoneaster stracheyi Klotzsch
- Cotoneaster strigosus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster suavis Pojark.
- Cotoneaster subacutus Pojark.
- 高山栒子 Cotoneaster subadpressus T.T.Yu
- Cotoneaster subalpinus G.Klotz
- 毛叶水栒子 Cotoneaster submultiflorus Popov(异名:Cotoneaster bitahaiensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö)
- Cotoneaster suboblongus Gand.
- Cotoneaster subuniflorus (Kitam.) G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster suecicus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster svenhedinii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster taitoensis Hayata
- Cotoneaster taiwanensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster takpoensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster taksangensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster talgaricus Popov
- Cotoneaster tanpaensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 洮河栒子 Cotoneaster taoensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster tardiflorus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster tauricus Pojark.
- 藏南栒子 Cotoneaster taylorii T.T.Yu
- Cotoneaster tebbutus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster teijiashanensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster tengyuehensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö - Tengyueh Cotoneaster
- 细枝栒子 Cotoneaster tenuipes Rehder & E.H.Wilson
- Cotoneaster thimphuensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 西藏栒子 Cotoneaster tibeticus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster tjuliniae Pojark. ex Peschkova
- Cotoneaster tkatschenkoi Grovtsova
- Cotoneaster tomentellus Pojark. - Short-felted Cotoneaster
- Cotoneaster tomentosus Lindl. - Woolly Cotoneaster
- Cotoneaster transcaucasicus Pojark.
- Cotoneaster transens G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster trinervis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster tsarongensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 土默特栒子 Cotoneaster tumeticus Pojark.
- 陀螺果栒子 Cotoneaster turbinatus Craib
- Cotoneaster turcomanicus Pojark.
- Cotoneaster tytthocarpus Pojark.
- Cotoneaster undulatus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 单花栒子 Cotoneaster uniflorus Bunge
- Cotoneaster uralensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster uva-ursi G.Don
- Cotoneaster uva-ursinus (Lindl.) J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster uzbezicus Grevtsova
- Cotoneaster vandelaarii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster veitchii (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) G.Klotz - Many-flowered Cotoneaster
- 雪山栒子 Cotoneaster vernae C.K.Schneid.
- Cotoneaster verokotschyi J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 疣枝栒子 Cotoneaster verruculosus Diels
- Cotoneaster victorianus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 维西栒子 Cotoneaster vilmorinianus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster virgatus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster vulgaris Hook.f.
- Cotoneaster wallichianus G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster wanbooyensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
白毛栒子 - 白毛栒子 Cotoneaster wardii W.W.Sm.
- Cotoneaster washanensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster wattii G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster wilsonii Nakai - Somgeyagwang namu (In Korean)
- Cotoneaster yakuticus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster yalungensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster yuii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster yulingkongensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster yulongensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
- 西北栒子 Cotoneaster zabelii C.K.Schneid.
- Cotoneaster zaprjagaevae Grevtsova
- 札尤路栒子 Cotoneaster zayulensis G.Klotz
- Cotoneaster zeilingskii B.Hylmö
- Cotoneaster zeravschanicus Pojark.
- Cotoneaster zimmermannii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö
来源:[4][6][7][13][14][15][16][17]
参考文献
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 俞德浚、陸玲娣、谷粹芝 等 (编). 中国植物志 第36卷 (PDF). 北京: 科学出版社. 1974: 108 [2010年8月18日] (中文).[永久失效連結]
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Potter, D.; Eriksson, T.; Evans, R.C.; Oh, S.H.; Smedmark, J.E.E.; Morgan, D.R.; Kerr, M.; Robertson, K.R.; Arsenault, M.P.; Dickinson, T.A.; Campbell, C.S. (2007). Phylogeny and classification of Rosaceae. Plant Systematics and Evolution. 266(1–2): 5–43.
- ^ Cotoneaster Medik.. GRIN. USDA. 2009-01-30 [2009-03-05]. (原始内容存档于2014-10-24).
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Flora of China: Cotoneaster (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)(包括世界上大部分栒子属物种)
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Bean, W. J. (1976). Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles 8th edition. John Murray ISBN 978-0-7195-1790-7.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan ISBN 978-0-333-47494-5.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Flora of NW Europe: Cotoneaster species list 互联网档案馆的存檔,存档日期2009-06-11.
- ^ Weeds Australia - Weed Identification - Cotoneaster 互联网档案馆的存檔,存档日期2007-09-28.
- ^ Cal-IPC:Invasive Plants of California's Wildlands (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ Cotoneaster Medik.. GBIF. [2023-05-12]. (原始内容存档于2023-04-19).
- ^ Mingwan Li, Dan Li, Mengfei Lu, Shuangfeng Mo, Shen Ding, Yuanyuan Chen, Yong Lai, Dangquan Zhang, Wenbo Liao and Qiang Fan. 2023. A New Species of Cotoneaster (Rosaceae) from western Sichuan, China. PhytoKeys. 236: 39-52. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.236.111819
- ^ K.-C. Chang, C.-C. Wang, S.-L. Deng, Yoshiko Kono, F.-L. Lu and Ching-I Peng. 2011. Cotoneaster rosiflorus (Rosaceae), A New Species from Taiwan. Botanical Studies. 52(2); 211-218.
- ^ Flora of Nepal: Cotoneaster (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ Flora Europaea: Cotoneaster (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ (瑞典文)Den virtuella floran: Cotoneaster (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ Cotoneaster (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),生命大百科全書(EOL)
- ^ 周丽华,吴征镒. 大果栒子的分类修订. 云南植物研究. 1999, 21 (2) [2010-08-18]. ISSN 0253-2700.
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