數量級 (加速度)
| 数量级 |
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| 单位换算 |
加速度的數量級示例。
| 米每二次方秒（m/s²） | 數量級 | 參考系 | 數量 | 重力 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10−∞ | 0 m/s² | 慣性 | 0 m/s² | 0 g | 重力探測器B的陀螺轉子[1] |
| 慣性 | ≈ 0 m/s² | ≈ 0 g | 減重力飛機中的失重拋物線 | ||
| 100 | 1 m/s² | 局部 | 5×10-14 m/s² | 5×10-15 g | 科學實驗的最小加速度[2] |
| 局部 | 0.25 m/s² | 0.026 g | SJ X2列車的加速[來源請求] | ||
| 慣性 | 1.62 m/s² | 0.1654 g | 站在月球赤道[來源請求] | ||
| 局部 | 4.3 m/s² | 0.44 g | 使用紳寶9-5汽車在6.4秒內加速到0–100公里/小時[來源請求] | ||
| 慣性 | 9.80665 m/s² | 1 g | 標準重力，海平面標準地球的重力加速度[3] | ||
| 101 | 1 dam/s² | 慣性 | 11.2 m/s² | 1.14 g | 土星五號發射的月球火箭[來源請求] |
| 慣性 | 15.2 m/s² | 1.55 g | 布加迪威龍在2.4 s內加速到100 km/h（包括重力加速度的淨加速度矢量與水平方向成 40 度）[來源請求]) | ||
| 慣性 | 29 m/s² | 3 g | 航天飛機，發射和再入期間的最大值[來源請求] | ||
| 慣性 | 29 m/s² | 3 g | 對於人類可持續承受25秒[3] | ||
| 慣性 | 34 – 62 m/s² | 3.5 – 6.3 g | 高速過山車[4]:340 | ||
| 局部? | 41 m/s² | 4.2 g | 頂級燃料飆車4.4秒超過1/4英里的世界紀錄[來源請求] | ||
| 慣性 | 49 m/s² | 5 g | 導致人類迷失方向、頭暈、昏厥的程度[3] | ||
| 局部? | 49+ m/s² | 5+ g | 一級方程式賽車的最大重剎車[來源請求] | ||
| 慣性? | 51 m/s² | 5.2 g | 威士拿滑行中心的雪橇運動[來源請求] | ||
| 局部 | 49 – 59 m/s² | 5 – 6 g | 一級方程式賽車的最大轉彎加速度[5] | ||
| 慣性 | 59 m/s² | 6 g | 降落傘正常打開時的峰值[6] | ||
| 慣性 | +69 / -49 m/s² | +7 / -5 g | 標準、全特技飛行認證滑翔機[來源請求] | ||
| 慣性 | 70.6 m/s² | 7.19 g | 阿波羅16再入[7] | ||
| 慣性 | 79 m/s² | 8 g | F-16剎止俯衝加速度[來源請求] | ||
| 慣性 | 88 m/s² | 9 g | 一個受過訓練的穿著G服的人避免G力昏迷保持意識的最大值[來源請求] | ||
| 慣性 | 88 – 118 m/s² | 9 – 12 g | 特技飛機或戰鬥機的典型最大轉彎加速度[8] | ||
| 102 | 1 hm/s² | 慣性 | 147 m/s² | 15 g | 彈射座椅[來源請求] |
| 177 m/s² | 18 g | 對人體造成的物理傷害，例如破損毛細管[3] | |||
| 209 m/s² | 21.3 g | 宇航員在聯盟號 18a中止期間經歷的微弱加速[9] | |||
| 333 m/s² | 34 g | 星塵樣本返回艙在重返地球時的峰值減速[10] | |||
| 454 m/s² | 46.2 g | 人類在火箭雪橇上倖存的最大加速度[3] | |||
| > 491 m/s² | > 50 g | 可能重傷死亡[來源請求] | |||
| 982 m/s² | 100 g | 衝刺導彈[11] | |||
| 982 m/s² | 100 g | 交通碰撞汽車碰撞（100 公里/小時撞牆）[12] | |||
| > 982 m/s² | > 100 g | 歷史上幾名賽車手經受了超過100G的衝擊，但沒有受到嚴重傷害。[13] | |||
| 982 m/s² | 100 g | 大多數人的致命極限[來源請求] | |||
| 103 | 1 km/s² | 慣性 ≈ 局部 |
1540 m/s² | 157 g | 火箭雪橇的最快運行峰值加速度[14] |
| 1964 m/s² | 200 g | 重0.6公斤3.5"硬盤非工作衝擊耐受2毫秒[15] | |||
| 2098 m/s² | 214 g | 人類暴露和倖存下來的最高重力加速度（Kenny Bräck2003Chevy 500車禍經歷的最大減速）[16]-->[17] | |||
| 2256 m/s² | 230 g | 伽利略號探測器下降到木星大氣層期間的峰值加速度[18] | |||
| 2490 m/s² | 254 g | 2014年世界一級方程式錦標賽儒勒·比安奇Marussia MR03的峰值減速[19] | |||
| 2946 m/s² | 300 g | 足球被腳擊中[來源請求] | |||
| 3200 m/s² | 320 g | 跳躍的人蚤[20] | |||
| 3800 m/s² | 380 g | 跳躍的click beetle[21] | |||
| 4944 m/s² | 504 g | 洗衣機的衣服，幹紡期間（46厘米滾筒/1400rpm） | |||
| 104 | 10 km/s² | 11 768 m/s² | 1200 g | 啄木鳥頭部減速[22] | |
| 17 680 m/s² | 1800 g | 太空槍，由Quicklaunch提出的1 km槍管長度，初速為6 km/s（假設恆定加速度） | |||
| 29460 m/s² | 3000 g | 棒球棒擊中棒球[12] | |||
| ~33 000 m/s² | 3400 g | 經認證的飛行記錄器減速耐撞性的標準要求（例如波音737的黑匣子） | |||
| >49 100 m/s² | >5000 g | 機械腕錶的抗震能力[23] | |||
| 84 450 m/s² | 8600 g | 當前一級方程式發動機最大活塞加速度（在轉速限制之前高達 10,000 g）[24] | |||
| 105 | 100 km/s² | 102 000 m/s² | 10 400 g | 螳螂蝦的攻擊[25] | |
| 152 210 m/s² | 15 500 g | 軍用砲彈的內置電子設備抗震能力[26] | |||
| 196 400 m/s² | 20 000 g | Pilobolus真菌的孢子加速[27] | |||
| 304 420 m/s² | 31 000 g | 9×19毫米帕拉貝魯姆彈手槍子彈（沿槍管長度平均）[來源請求]-->[28] | |||
| 106 | 1 Mm/s² | 1 000 000 m/s² | 100 000 g | trap-jaw ant 的閉合顎[29] | |
| 1 865 800 m/s² | 190 000 g | 9×19毫米帕拉貝魯姆彈 手槍子彈，頂[來源請求]-->[30] | |||
| 3 800 000 m/s² | 390 000 g | 白矮星天狼星B的表面重力[31] | |||
| 3 900 000 m/s² | 略低於 400 000 g | [32] | |||
| 107 | 10 Mm/s² | 53 000 000 m/s² | 5 400 000 g | 水母毒刺[33] | |
| 109 | 1 Gm/s² | 1×109 m/s² | ~100 000 000 g | 2克的射彈從靜止加速1厘米到5公里/秒創紀錄的線圈槍中射彈的峰值加速度。[34] | |
| 1012 | 1 Tm/s² | 7×1012 m/s² | 7×1011 g | 中子星的最大表面重力[來源請求] | |
| 2.1×1013 m/s² | 2.1×1012 g | 大型強子對撞機中的質子[35] | |||
| 1021 | 1 Zm/s² | 9.149×1021 m/s² | 9.33×1020 g | 玻爾模型1H核子周圍電子的加速度。 | |
| 176×1021 m/s² | 1.79×1022 g | 1 TV/m 尾流場加速器的電子[36] | |||
| 1051 | 5.5608×1051 m/s² | 5.5719×1050 g | 相干性 普朗克單位 加速度 |
另見
參考
- ^ Stanford University: Gravity Probe B, Payload & Spacecraft （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, and NASA: Investigation of Drag-Free Control Technology for Earth Science Constellation Missions. The TRIAD 1 satellite was a later, more advanced navigation satellite that was part of the U.S. Navy’s Transit, or NAVSAT system.
- ^ Gundlach, J. H; Schlamminger, S; Spitzer, C. D; Choi, K. -Y; Woodahl, B. A; Coy, J. J; Fischbach, E. Laboratory Test of Newton's Second Law for Small Accelerations. Physical Review Letters. 2007, 98 (15): 150801 [2022-10-22]. Bibcode:2007PhRvL..98o0801G. PMID 17501332. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.150801. （原始内容存档于2022-05-26）.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 csel.eng.ohio-state.edu - High Acceleration and the Human Body, Martin Voshell, November 28, 2004 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期August 19, 2014，.
- ^ George Bibel. Beyond the Black Box: the Forensics of Airplane Crashes. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008. ISBN 0-8018-8631-7.
- ^ 6 g has been recorded in the 130R turn at Suzuka circuit, Japan. [1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Many turns have 5 g peak values, like turn 8 at Istanbul or Eau Rouge at Spa
- ^ Archived copy. [2014-12-14]. （原始内容存档于2014-12-28）.
- ^ NASA: SP-368 Biomedical Results of Apollo, Chapter 5: Environmental Factors, Table 2: Apollo Manned Space Flight Reentry G Levels
- ^ Maxed out: How many gs can you pull?. New Scientist. [2017-11-19]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-23） （美国英语）.
- ^ Hall, Rex; David Shayler. Soyuz, A Universal Spacecraft. Springer Praxis. 2003: 193. ISBN 978-1-85233-657-8.
- ^ ReVelle, D. O.; Edwards, W. N. Stardust—An artificial, low-velocity "meteor" fall and recovery: 15 January 2006. Meteoritics and Planetary Science. 2007, 42 (2): 271. Bibcode:2007M&PS...42..271R. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2007.tb00232.x
.
- ^ Sprint. [2022-10-22]. （原始内容存档于2022-08-23）.
- ^ 12.0 12.1 tomshardware.co.uk - Hard Drive Shock Tolerance - Hard-Disks - Storage 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2012-06-17., Physics, by O'hanian, 1989, 2007-01-03
- ^ “Several Indy car drivers have withstood impacts in excess of 100 G without serious injuries.” Dennis F. Shanahan, M.D., M.P.H.: ”Human Tolerance and Crash Survivability[失效連結], citing Society of Automotive Engineers. Indy racecar crash analysis. Automotive Engineering International, June 1999, 87–90. And National Highway Traffic Safety Administration: Recording Automotive Crash Event Data 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2010-04-05.
- ^ Holloman Air Force Base - Fact Sheet (Printable) : 846 TS HYPERSONIC UPGRADE PROGRAM. [2015-04-19]. （原始内容存档于2012-05-17）.
- ^ wdc.com - Legacy Product Specifications : WD600BB 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2011-02-27., read 2012-01-11
- ^ Archived copy. [2013-07-23]. （原始内容存档于2013-07-18）.
- ^ Feel the G's: The Science of Gravity and G-Forces - by Suzanne Slade (page 37)
- ^ Woodfill, Jerry. What Did Galileo Find at Jupipter?. er.jsc.nasa.gov. NASA. [8 November 2019]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-23）.
- ^ Formula 1 - Bianchi crash impact was 254g. uk.eurosport.yahoo.com. 23 July 2015. （原始内容存档于23 July 2015）.
- ^ Evans, M. E. G. The jump of the click beetle (Coleoptera, Elateridae)—a preliminary study. Journal of Zoology. 2009, 167 (3): 319–336. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1972.tb03115.x.
- ^ Archived copy (PDF). [2015-04-19]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-03）.
- ^ S-H Yoon; S Park. A mechanical analysis of woodpecker drumming and its application to shock-absorbing systems (PDF). Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 17 January 2011, 6 (1): 12 [10 January 2016]. Bibcode:2011BiBi....6a6003Y. PMID 21245520. S2CID 2510221. doi:10.1088/1748-3182/6/1/016003. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-10-30）.
- ^ Omega [2] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Ball Watch Technology （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- ^ Cosworth V8 engine （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- ^ S. N. Patek, W. L. Korff & R. L. Caldwell. Deadly strike mechanism of a mantis shrimp (PDF). Nature. 2004, 428 (6985): 819–820. Bibcode:2004Natur.428..819P. PMID 15103366. S2CID 4324997. doi:10.1038/428819a.[永久失效連結]
- ^ L-3 Communication's IEC Awarded Contract with Raytheon for Common Air Launched Navigation System. [2016-12-12]. （原始内容存档于2016-12-24）.
- ^ bu.edu - Rockets in Horse Poop （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, 2010-12-10
- ^ Assuming an 8.04 gram bullet, a muzzle velocity of 350米每秒（1,100英尺每秒）, and a 102 mm barrel.
- ^ Patek SN, Baio JE, Fisher BL, Suarez AV. Multifunctionality and mechanical origins: Ballistic jaw propulsion in trap-jaw ants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 22 August 2006, 103 (34): 12787–12792. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10312787P. PMC 1568925 . PMID 16924120. doi:10.1073/pnas.0604290103 .
- ^ Assuming an 8.04 gram bullet, a peak pressure of 240 MPa（35,000 psi） and 440 N of friction.
- ^ Holberg, J. B.; Barstow, M. A.; Bruhweiler, F. C.; Cruise, A. M.; Penny, A. J. Sirius B: A New, More Accurate View. The Astrophysical Journal. 1998, 497 (2): 935–942. Bibcode:1998ApJ...497..935H. doi:10.1086/305489 .
- ^ Berkeley Physics Course, vol. 1, Mechanics, fig. 4.1 (authors Kittel-Knight-Ruderman, 1973 edition)
- ^ Tibballs, J; Yanagihara, A. A; Turner, H. C; Winkel, K. Immunological and Toxinological Responses to Jellyfish Stings. Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets. 2011, 10 (5): 438–446. PMC 3773479 . PMID 21824077. doi:10.2174/187152811797200650.
- ^ K. McKinney and P. Mongeau, "Multiple stage pulsed induction acceleration," in IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 239-242, March 1984, doi: 10.1109/TMAG.1984.1063089.
- ^ Calculated from their speed and radius, approximating the LHC as a circle.
- ^ Rosenzweig, J. B; Andonian, G; Bucksbaum, P; Ferrario, M; Full, S; Fukusawa, A; Hemsing, E; Hidding, B; Hogan, M; Krejcik, P; Muggli, P; Marcus, G; Marinelli, A; Musumeci, P; O'Shea, B; Pellegrini, C; Schiller, D; Travish, G. Teravolt-per-meter beam and plasma fields from low-charge femtosecond electron beams. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A. 2011, 653 (1): 98. Bibcode:2011NIMPA.653...98R. S2CID 118384500. arXiv:1002.1976 . doi:10.1016/j.nima.2011.01.073.
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