克拉丽斯·贝克特

Clarice Beckett
出生	Clarice Marjoribanks Beckett; 1887年3月21日; 澳大利亚卡斯特顿
逝世	1935年7月7日（48歲）; 澳大利亚墨尔本
教育程度	National Gallery School
知名于	绘画
运动	澳大利亚调性运动

克拉丽斯·马乔里班克斯·贝克特（Clarice Marjoribanks Beckett ，1887年3月21日—1935年7月7日）是一名澳大利亚艺术家，也是澳大利亚调性运动的重要成员。

早年

贝克特出生于维多利亚州的卡斯特顿，是银行经理约瑟夫·克利夫登·贝克特（Joseph Clifden Beckett；c.1852-1936 ^[1]）和他的妻子伊丽莎白·凯特（Elizabeth Kate, née Brown；c.1855-1934）的女儿。她的祖父是苏格兰建筑师约翰·布朗。^[2]

她在卡斯特顿读过小学，后在巴拉瑞特的中学女王学院寄宿。在巴拉瑞特，她表现出很强的绘画天赋，在巴拉瑞特上过私人素描课，还曾写过一部戏剧，由同学表演^[3]。她的家人搬迁到南亚拉肯辛顿路22号后^[4]，她转入墨尔本英格兰教会女子文法学校（Melbourne Church of England Girls' Grammar School）完成了最后一年的学业。1914年，她就读于墨尔本的国家美术馆学校，师从弗雷德里克·麦卡宾、马克思·梅尔德伦，后者颇具争议的理论对她影响很大^[5]。

1919年，她的父母从本迪戈搬到当时未开发的墨尔本海滨郊区博马里斯，由于他们的健康状况不佳，贝克特担起家庭的重担，这极大地限制了她在艺术上的追求^[6]。贝克特只能在黎明和黄昏出去画画，因为她一天中的大部分时间都在照顾家人，并在这样的情况下度过了余生^[2]^[7]。

1935年，贝克特因在博马里斯附近发生风暴的海域作画而患上了肺炎，四天后在桑德灵厄姆的一家医院去世^[8]。她被安葬在切尔滕纳姆纪念公园（Cheltenham Memorial Park）^[7]。

作品

贝克特是澳大利亚最重要的现代主义艺术家之一，尽管有些人说她是“莫奈的女儿”^[9]。她在肖像画和静物画上颇具天赋，这也是她的老师梅尔德伦偏爱的主题，但其实贝克特更喜欢绘画户外风景^[7]。

她绘制了博马里斯大量清晨和傍晚的海、海滩以及郊外景色。坎迪斯·布鲁斯（Candice Bruce）说她的作品有“一种永恒的忧郁感：一种混合着平静的脆弱感，即使一个人完全不知道艺术家生活的细节，仍然会感觉到这一点”^[10]。

三十多岁时，贝克特在1924年第六届“墨尔本二十位画家”（Twenty Melbourne Painters）年展的手册中阐明了她的艺术目标：

真诚而真实地表现自然之美的一部分，展现明与暗的魅力，我努力以正确的色调来表达它们，从而尽可能地展现出一种真实的幻觉。^[11]

1936年，贝克特的姐姐和父亲在墨尔本雅典娜神庙举办了一场大型纪念展览。1971年，贝克特的姐姐表示^[12]她的2,000多件作品已被被遗弃在贝纳拉附近的一个露天干草棚中^[13]，大多数的状态已经无法挽救，但她在蒙萨尔瓦特还有30幅保存完好的作品。这些作品是在她博马里斯的家被清空后搬到那里的^[14]^[15]。

1971年开始，她的作品展逐渐增多^[16]^[17]。

她在世时，没有任何公共机构收藏她的作品，但现在几乎见于大多数澳大利亚主要画廊。2001年，她的画作在拍卖会上的价格已经达到六位数^[18]。她的《冬日日落》（Winter Sunset）于2021年10月以156,250澳元的价格售出^[19]。

参考文献

^ "Joseph Clifden BECKETT was the manager of the Colonial Bank at Casterton 1875-1903". Casterton Historical Society http://www.swvic.org/casterton/beckett_joseph.htm （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） accessed 5 Nov 2014
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Rosalind Hollinrake, 'Beckett, Clarice Marjoribanks (1887–1935)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/beckett-clarice-marjoribanks-5178/text8701 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, published in hardcopy 1979, accessed online 5 November 2014.
^ Clarice Marjoribanks Beckett. Ballarat Grammar. 2015-06-17 [2020-10-10]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-11）（澳大利亚英语）.
^ The Age Saturday 08 Apr 1905, p.16
^ AUSTRALIAN ARTISTS OF TO-DAY.. The Age (23,797) (Victoria, Australia). 18 July 1931: 7 [27 July 2019] –通过National Library of Australia.
^ Doubletime, women in Victoria, 150 years. Lake, Marilyn., Kelly, Farley. Ringwood, Vic.: Penguin Books. 1985. ISBN 0-14-006002-2. OCLC 29002268.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 THE LATE CLARICE BECKETT.. The Age (25,033) (Victoria, Australia). 9 July 1935: 7 [27 July 2019] –通过National Library of Australia.
^ "Beckett art joins Misty Moderns in Langwarrin" by Teresa Murphy, Hastings Leader, 12 November 2009
^ Kinnane, Garry, Colin Colahan : a portrait, Melbourne University Press: 3, 12 March 2014 (1996), ISBN 978-0-522-86678-0
^ Candice Bruce, 'Clarice Beckett', in Dictionary of women artists. Gaze, Delia. London. : 232–4. ISBN 1-884964-21-4. OCLC 37693713.
^ Beckett, C., Twenty Melbourne Painters 6th Annual Exhibition Catalogue, 1924, quoted in Lindsay, F., ‘Foreword’ in Hollinrake, R., Clarice Beckett: Politically Incorrect, exhibition catalogue, The Ian Potter Museum of Art, Melbourne, 1999, p. 19
^ Summers, Anne, The lost mother : a story of art and love, Melbourne University Publishing, 2009, ISBN 978-0-522-85635-4
^ Beckett, Clarice. Silent approach. Item held by National Gallery of Australia. [2019-07-28]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-17）.
^ Jorgensen, Sigmund; Cross, Malcolm, (artist.), Montsalvat : the intimate story of Australia's most exciting artists' colony, Allen & Unwin, 2014, ISBN 978-1-74331-272-8
^ Strickland, Katrina, Affairs of the art : love, loss and power in the art world, Melbourne University Publishing, 2013, ISBN 978-0-522-85862-4
^ Clarice Beckett; Rosalind Hollinrake; Ian Potter Museum of Art. Clarice Beckett: politically incorrect. Ian Potter Museum of Art, University of Melbourne. 1999 [2022-06-15]. ISBN 9780734015938. （原始内容存档于2022-06-16）.
^ Ewington, Julie. Clarice Beckett: The Present Moment | Art Gallery of South Australia. Australian Book Review. 2021-04-13 [2021-10-21]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-16）（英国英语）.
^ Sun rises again for a misty modern. www.aasd.com.au. [2019-07-28]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-16）.
^ Coslovich, Gabriella. Women take top billing but men still dominate art prices. Australian Financial Review. 21 October 2021.

扩展阅读

Burn, Ian, National life & landscapes : Australian painting 1900-1940, Bay Books, 1990 [23 March 2021], （原始内容存档于2022-06-19）
Davis, Joseph (2021): THE LOST WORKS OF CLARICE BECKETT （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Eagle, Mary; Jones, John (John James); ICI Australia, A story of Australian painting, Macmillan Australia, 1994, ISBN 978-0-7329-0778-5
Fenner, Felicity; Bell, Jenny, In a Certain Light: Clarice Beckett & Olive Cotton, UNSW Sydney, 1995, ISBN 0733410014
Hollinrake, Rosalind; Beckett, Clarice, 1887-1935, Clarice Beckett, the artist and her circle, Macmillan Company of Australia, 1979, ISBN 978-0-333-25243-7
Holt, Stephanie, Woman about town: urban images of the 1920s and 1930s, Art and Australia, 1995, 33 (2): 232–243, ISSN 0004-301X
Garry Kinnane (1996) Colin Calahan: a portrait, Melbourne University Press
Locke, Tracey. The present moment: The art of Clarice Beckett. Adelaide: Art Gallery of South Australia. 2021. ISBN 9781921668463.
McAuliffe, Chris, Art and suburbia : a world art book, Craftsman House, 1996, ISBN 978-976-641-029-2
McGuire, M. A, 'Life and your imagining': the art of Clarice Beckett, Australian Journal of Art, 1986, 5 (1986): 90–103, ISSN 0314-6464, doi:10.1080/03146464.1986.11432882
McGuire, Margaret E, The singular career of Clarice Beckett: painting and society in Melbourne, 1916-1936, 1984 [23 March 2021], （原始内容存档于2022-06-16）
Perry, Peter W; Meldrum, Max, 1875-1955; Perry, John R., 1952-, Max Meldrum and associates : their art, lives and influences, Castlemaine Art Gallery and Historical Museum, 1996, ISBN 978-0-9598066-7-0
Terry Smith (1997) "Pictures of, painting as" in Levitus, Geoff; Levitus, Geoff, 1951-, Lying about the landscape, Craftsman House, 1997, ISBN 978-90-5704-031-3
Robin Wallace-Crabbe (1997) "Artist's choice:- Eloquent silence", Art and Australia 1997 vol.35 no.2
Drusilla Modejesa (2014) Clarice Beckett at the Edge: Clarice Beckett 29 April- 24 May 2014, Niagara Galleries (Catalogue of exhibition held at Niagara Galleries).
Hollinrake, Rosalind, Politically Incorrect, Ian Potter Museum of Art, Melbourne, 1999, ISBN 0-7340-1593-3
Modjeska, Drusilla, 'Framing Clarice Beckett' in Timepieces, Picador, 2002, ISBN 978-0-330-36372-3
Thornell, Kristel, Night Street 1st, Allen & Unwin, 2010, ISBN 978-1-74269-123-7
THE LOST WORKS OF CLARICE BECKETT （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

外部链接

Beaumaris seascape (c. 1925), with commentary 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期29 November 2014.
THE LOST WORKS OF CLARICE BECKETT （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[1] "Joseph Clifden BECKETT was the manager of the Colonial Bank at Casterton 1875-1903". Casterton Historical Society http://www.swvic.org/casterton/beckett_joseph.htm （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） accessed 5 Nov 2014

[:7-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Rosalind Hollinrake, 'Beckett, Clarice Marjoribanks (1887–1935)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/beckett-clarice-marjoribanks-5178/text8701 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, published in hardcopy 1979, accessed online 5 November 2014.

[:9-3] Clarice Marjoribanks Beckett. Ballarat Grammar. 2015-06-17 [2020-10-10]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-11）（澳大利亚英语）.

[4] The Age Saturday 08 Apr 1905, p.16

[5] AUSTRALIAN ARTISTS OF TO-DAY.. The Age (23,797) (Victoria, Australia). 18 July 1931: 7 [27 July 2019] –通过National Library of Australia.

[6] Doubletime, women in Victoria, 150 years. Lake, Marilyn., Kelly, Farley. Ringwood, Vic.: Penguin Books. 1985. ISBN 0-14-006002-2. OCLC 29002268.

[:0-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 THE LATE CLARICE BECKETT.. The Age (25,033) (Victoria, Australia). 9 July 1935: 7 [27 July 2019] –通过National Library of Australia.

[8] "Beckett art joins Misty Moderns in Langwarrin" by Teresa Murphy, Hastings Leader, 12 November 2009

[9] Kinnane, Garry, Colin Colahan : a portrait, Melbourne University Press: 3, 12 March 2014 (1996), ISBN 978-0-522-86678-0

[:8-10] Candice Bruce, 'Clarice Beckett', in Dictionary of women artists. Gaze, Delia. London. : 232–4. ISBN 1-884964-21-4. OCLC 37693713.

[11] Beckett, C., Twenty Melbourne Painters 6th Annual Exhibition Catalogue, 1924, quoted in Lindsay, F., ‘Foreword’ in Hollinrake, R., Clarice Beckett: Politically Incorrect, exhibition catalogue, The Ian Potter Museum of Art, Melbourne, 1999, p. 19

[12] Summers, Anne, The lost mother : a story of art and love, Melbourne University Publishing, 2009, ISBN 978-0-522-85635-4

[13] Beckett, Clarice. Silent approach. Item held by National Gallery of Australia. [2019-07-28]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-17）.

[14] Jorgensen, Sigmund; Cross, Malcolm, (artist.), Montsalvat : the intimate story of Australia's most exciting artists' colony, Allen & Unwin, 2014, ISBN 978-1-74331-272-8

[15] Strickland, Katrina, Affairs of the art : love, loss and power in the art world, Melbourne University Publishing, 2013, ISBN 978-0-522-85862-4

[BeckettHollinrake1999-16] Clarice Beckett; Rosalind Hollinrake; Ian Potter Museum of Art. Clarice Beckett: politically incorrect. Ian Potter Museum of Art, University of Melbourne. 1999 [2022-06-15]. ISBN 9780734015938. （原始内容存档于2022-06-16）.

[17] Ewington, Julie. Clarice Beckett: The Present Moment | Art Gallery of South Australia. Australian Book Review. 2021-04-13 [2021-10-21]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-16）（英国英语）.

[:5-18] Sun rises again for a misty modern. www.aasd.com.au. [2019-07-28]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-16）.

[19] Coslovich, Gabriella. Women take top billing but men still dominate art prices. Australian Financial Review. 21 October 2021.

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