優貝酵母
科学分类
界:
真菌界 Fungi
门:
子囊菌门 Ascomycota
纲:
酵母菌綱 Saccharomycetes
目:
酵母菌目 Saccharomycetales
科:
酵母菌科 Saccharomycetaceae
属:
酵母屬 Saccharomyces
种:
優貝酵母 S. eubayanus
二名法
Saccharomyces eubayanus J.P. Samp., Libkind, Hittinger, P. Gonç., E. Valério, C. Gonç., Dover & M. Johnst.
優貝酵母 (學名 :Saccharomyces eubayanus )是酵母屬 的一種真菌 ,為耐冷的酵母菌 。用於釀造拉格啤酒 的巴氏酵母 即是由優貝酵母和釀酒酵母 雜交產生[1] [2] [3] ,且其兩個支序(Saaz與Frohberg)可能分別來自一起獨立的優貝酵母和釀酒酵母雜交事件[4] [5] 。
優貝酵母最早於南美洲巴塔哥尼亞 的南青岡樹 樣本中發現,當時認為可能是在哥倫布大交換 中被引入歐洲 ,再於歐洲與釀酒酵母雜交產生巴氏酵母[6] 。野生的優貝酵母可分為A與B兩大支序,歐洲與北美的菌株序列多樣性都很低,顯示它們都是由很小的子支序衍生而成。[7] 。但哥倫布大交換發生於1500年以後,拉格啤酒則早在15世紀的巴伐利亞 已有生產。2014年有研究基於新發現的菌株,提出優貝酵母實為發源於青藏高原 [8] 。
優貝酵母也已被成功用於釀酒 [9] [10] 。
參考文獻
^ Sampaio JP. Microbe Profile: Saccharomyces eubayanus, the missing link to lager beer yeasts . Microbiology. September 2018, 164 (9): 1069–1071. PMC 6230766 . PMID 30175956 . doi:10.1099/mic.0.000677 .
^ Welsh J. ' Missing' Lager Brewing Yeast Discovered in Patagonia . Livescience.com. 22 August 2011 [2011-08-23 ] . (原始内容存档 于2024-04-09).
^ Kaiser T. Lager's Mystery Yeast Discovered in Argentina . Dailytech.com. [2011-08-23 ] . (原始内容 存档于2016-12-11).
^ Baker E, Wang B, Bellora N, Peris D, Hulfachor AB, Koshalek JA, et al. The Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces eubayanus and the Domestication of Lager-Brewing Yeasts . Molecular Biology and Evolution. November 2015, 32 (11): 2818–2831. PMC 4651232 . PMID 26269586 . doi:10.1093/molbev/msv168 .
^ Dunn B, Sherlock G. Reconstruction of the genome origins and evolution of the hybrid lager yeast Saccharomyces pastorianus . Genome Research. October 2008, 18 (10): 1610–1623. PMC 2556262 . PMID 18787083 . doi:10.1101/gr.076075.108 .
^ Libkind D, Hittinger CT, Valério E, Gonçalves C, Dover J, Johnston M, et al. Microbe domestication and the identification of the wild genetic stock of lager-brewing yeast . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. August 2011, 108 (35): 14539–14544. PMC 3167505 . PMID 21873232 . doi:10.1073/pnas.1105430108 .
^ Peris, David; Sylvester, Kayla; Libkind, Diego; Gonçalves, Paula; Sampaio, José Paulo; Alexander, William G.; Hittinger, Chris Todd. Population structure and reticulate evolution of S accharomyces eubayanus and its lager‐brewing hybrids. Molecular Ecology. 2014-04, 23 (8): 2031–2045. doi:10.1111/mec.12702 .
^ Bing J, Han PJ, Liu WQ, Wang QM, Bai FY. Evidence for a Far East Asian origin of lager beer yeast. Current Biology. May 2014, 24 (10): R380–R381. PMID 24845661 . doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.04.031 .
^ La cervecera Heineken compró al CONICET la patente de una levadura patagónica (页面存档备份 ,存于互联网档案馆 ) ("The brewery Heineken bought the patent of a Patagonian yeast from CONICET. "), on: Info blanco sobre negro, Argentinia.
^ HEINEKEN introduces H41 ‘Wild Lager’, by Heineken , 6 Apr 2017. WebArchive as of 26 Oct 2020