File:Bruce Abbott (1988).jpg

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Bruce_Abbott_(1988).jpg ‎（354 × 464像素，文件大小：80 KB，MIME类型：image/jpeg）

摘要

描述
English: Bruce Abbott in publicity photo for Summer Heat
日期
来源 eBay
Front and back
作者 Showtime
授权
(二次使用本文件)
English: This is a publicity still taken and publicly distributed to promote the subject or a work relating to the subject.
  • As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honathaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook (Focal Press, 2001, p. 211.):
    "Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."
  • Nancy Wolff, in The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook (Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.), notes:
    "There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them."
  • Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989, p. 87), writes:
    "According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
  • Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference of cinema scholars and editors[1], that:
    "[The conference] expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements... [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."
其他版本
图片提取流程
本文件提取自另一个文件
：​Bruce Abbott and Lori Singer – Summer Heat.jpg
原始文件

许可协议

  • This is a press photo, of which many were made available to the public in promotion of the film.
  • Photo contains no copyright notice on either front or back.
  • A search with the U.S. Copyright Office does not produce a registration record pertaining to publicity materials, including photos, stills, or other works of a promotional nature related to the film Summer Heat (1987). There is no evidence this photograph is under copyright.


Public domain
本作品属于公有领域，因为其于1978年至1989年3月1日间在美国出版，没有著作权声明，且随后5年其版权没有在美国版权局注册。但除非其作者已逝世多年，否则在对美国作品不适用较短期限法则的国家和地区仍然受版权保护，例如加拿大（作者逝世后50年）、中国大陆（作者逝世后50年，不包括香港和澳门）、德国（作者逝世后70年）、墨西哥（作者逝世后100年）、瑞士（作者逝世后70年）及其他有本地条约的国家。参见此页面以获取更详细的解释。

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