跳至內容

File:Olivia de Havilland Publicity Photo 1938.jpg

頁面內容不支援其他語言。
這個檔案來自維基共享資源
維基百科,自由的百科全書

原始檔案 (762 × 988 像素,檔案大小:290 KB,MIME 類型:image/jpeg


摘要

描述
Беларуская: Рэкламнае фота Алівіі дэ Хэвіленд, студзень 1938 года.
English: Olivia de Havilland publicity photo, January 1938
日期
來源 eBay
作者 Warner Bros.
授權許可
(重用此檔案)

This is a publicity photo taken to promote an actress. As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honthaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook, (Focal Press, 2001 p. 211.):

"Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."

Nancy Wolff, includes a similar explanation:

"There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them." (The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook By Nancy E. Wolff, Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.)

Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989) p. 87, writes:

"According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference with cinema scholars and editors, that they "expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements ... [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs." ("Fair Usage Publication of Film Stills" by Kristin Thompson, Society for Cinema and Media Studies)
其他版本 cropped closer at 2:3 ratio to make face larger in thumbnail versions and remove distracting, overexposed left edge

授權條款

本作品在美國屬於公有領域,因為其於1929至1977年(包括)間在美國出版,且沒有著作權聲明。更多詳細資訊,請參閱共享資源:赫特圖表,以及就出版的公共藝術品的詳細說明。請注意美國的作品在不適用較短期限法則的管轄區可能仍然受版權保護(基於作者的逝世日期),例如加拿大(作者逝世後70年)、中國大陸(作者逝世後50年,不包括香港和澳門)、德國(作者逝世後70年)、墨西哥(作者逝世後100年) 、瑞士(作者逝世後70年)及其他有本地條約的國家。

العربية  беларуская (тарашкевіца)  čeština  Deutsch  Ελληνικά  English  español  français  Bahasa Indonesia  italiano  日本語  한국어  македонски  Nederlands  português  русский  sicilianu  slovenščina  ไทย  Tiếng Việt  中文(简体)  中文(繁體)  +/−

Flag of the United States
Flag of the United States

說明

添加單行說明來描述出檔案所代表的內容

在此檔案描寫的項目

描繪內容

檔案歷史

點選日期/時間以檢視該時間的檔案版本。

日期/時間縮⁠圖尺寸使用者備⁠註
目前2016年2月5日 (五) 01:47於 2016年2月5日 (五) 01:47 版本的縮圖762 × 988(290 KB)Bede735Adjusted brightness
2016年2月5日 (五) 01:36於 2016年2月5日 (五) 01:36 版本的縮圖762 × 988(293 KB)Bede735Adjusted brightness and contrast, cropped
2016年2月5日 (五) 01:35於 2016年2月5日 (五) 01:35 版本的縮圖2,056 × 1,410(548 KB)Bede735User created page with UploadWizard

下列頁面有用到此檔案:

全域檔案使用狀況

以下其他 wiki 使用了這個檔案:

檢視此檔案的更多全域使用狀況

詮釋資料