毛利语
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毛利语 | |
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reo Māori | |
发音 | [ˈmaːɔɾi];ⓘ |
母语国家和地区 | 新西兰 庫克群島 纽埃 |
区域 | 玻里尼西亞 |
母语使用人数 | 100,000-160,000 (估計) |
語系 | |
官方地位 | |
作为官方语言 | 新西兰、 庫克群島 |
管理机构 | Maori Language Commission |
語言代碼 | |
ISO 639-1 | mi |
ISO 639-2 | mao (B) mri (T) |
ISO 639-3 | mri |
ELP | Māori |
瀕危程度 | |
联合国教科文组织认定的瀕危語言[1] 脆弱(UNESCO) |
毛利語(毛利語:Māori,也被稱為te reo,「語言」之意)是新西兰原住民毛利人的語言、也是紐西蘭的三種官方語言之一,另两种是英语和新西兰手语。毛利人從太平洋诸岛來到紐西蘭之後、語音基本上變化很少,基本上各地的人都可以溝通无碍。
語音系統
元音
前元音 | 央元音 | 後元音 | |
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閉元音 | i | u [ʉ] | |
半開元音 | e [ɛ] | o [ɔ] | |
開元音 | a |
輔音
双唇音 | 齿龈音 | 软腭音 | 聲門音 | |
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不送氣塞音 | p | t | k | |
清擦音 | wh [f, ɸ, ʍ] |
h | ||
鼻音 | m | n | ng [ŋ] |
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闪音 | r [r, ɾ] |
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半元音 | w |
文字
毛利人原来没有文字,后来英国移民来到,採用拉丁字母拼写毛利语言,毛利语只有15個字母,分別如下:
當中“R”是顫音、“Wh”基本上發/f/音或/ɸ/音、但北部亦有發/h/音或/ʍ/的。
方言
毛利語亦有地區性的方言,比較普遍的有 Tainui 和 Waikato 方言。
日曆
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日常用語
Kia Ora: 你好
Morena: 早安
Po marie: 晚安
Ko wai tō ingoa: 你叫甚麼名字?
Ko___tōku ingoa: 我的名字是___
No___ahau: 我在___來
Haere mai: 歡迎
Haere ra: 再會
範例
Ko te katoa o ngā tāngata i te whanaungatanga mai e wātea ana i ngā here katoa; e tauriterite ana hoki ngā mana me ngā tika. E whakawhiwhia ana hoki ki a rātou te ngākau whai whakaaro me te hinengaro mōhio ki te tika me te hē, ā e tika ana kia meinga te mahi a tētahi ki tētahi me ma roto atu i te wairua o te noho tahi, anō he teina he tuakana i ringa i te whakaaro kotahi.
漢譯:人皆生而自由;在尊嚴及權利上均各平等。人各賦有理性良知,誠應和睦相處,情同手足。(《世界人權宣言》第一條)
參考文獻
引用
文献
- Biggs, Bruce (1994). Does Māori have a closest relative? In Sutton (ed.)(1994), pp. 96–105.
- Biggs, Bruce (1998). Let's Learn Māori. Auckland: Auckland University Press.
- Biggs, Bruce. 1988. Towards the study of Maori dialects. In Ray Harlow and Robin Hooper, eds. VICAL 1: Oceanic languages. Papers from the Fifth International Conference on Austronesian linguistics. Auckland, New Zealand. January 1988, Part I. Auckland: Linguistic Society of New Zealand.
- Bauer, Winifred (1997). Reference Grammar of Māori. Auckland: Reed.
- Bauer, Winifred. 1993. Maori. Routledge. Series: Routledge descriptive grammars.
- Clark, Ross (1994). Moriori and Māori: The Linguistic Evidence. In Sutton (ed.)(1994), pp. 123–135.
- Harlow, Ray. 1996. Maori. LINCOM Europa.
- Harlow, Ray (1994). Māori Dialectology and the Settlement of New Zealand. In Sutton (ed.)(1994), pp. 106–122.
- Sutton, Douglas G. (编). The Origins of the First New Zealanders. Auckland: Auckland University Press. 1994: 269 [2010-06-10]. ISBN 1869400984. (原始内容存档于2011-05-11).
參閲
外部連結
- Māori Language Act 1987
- korero.maori.nz (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Māori language educational resources
- Ethnologue report for Maori (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Māori Language Commission (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (sets definitive standards).
- English and Māori Word Translator, originally developed at the 奥塔哥大学.
- Ngata Māori–English English–Māori Dictionary from Learning Media; gives several options and shows use in phrases.
- Collection of historic Māori newspapers
- Maori Phonology (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- maorilanguage.net (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Learn the basics of Māori Language with video tutorials
- Microsoft New Zealand Māori Keyboard[永久失效連結]
- Maori Language Week (NZHistory) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - includes a history of the Māori language, the Treaty of Waitangi Māori Language claim and 100 words every New Zealander should know
- Huia Publishers (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), catalogue includes Tirohia Kimihia the world's first Māori monolingual dictionary for learners
- IMDb website; Māori language films (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Publications about Māori language (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) from Te Puni Kōkiri, the Ministry of Māori Development
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