倭马亚清真寺
穆斯林在倭马亚清真寺中做礼拜
伊斯兰教先知叶海亚的陵墓(拱北)
萨拉丁的陵墓(拱北)
倭马亚大清真寺 (始建于705年)是伊斯兰教 最主要的清真寺 之一,位于叙利亚 首都大马士革 。该寺被认为是伊斯兰教的第四大圣寺。
倭马亚清真寺最早是罗马帝国 时期的朱庇特 神殿,在392年罗马帝国定基督教 为国教后改为圣约翰大教堂 (纪念施洗约翰 ),为正教会安提阿牧首区 下大马士革主教的主教座堂。叙利亚于7世纪为阿拉伯人 征服后,圣约翰大教堂一度仍归基督教徒做礼拜 之用。705年,倭马亚王朝 的哈里发 瓦利德一世 接收了这座教堂,将其改为清真寺。瓦利德一世从拜占庭 、叙利亚、埃及 等地招集工匠,历时十年将清真寺建成。
在改造过程中,教堂的长方形布局被保存下来,但其余部分有多少被留用则不得而知。可以肯定的是,倭马亚清真寺有两座尖塔原来是教堂的望楼,第三座光塔则为瓦利德一世所建。
历史上,倭马亚清真寺曾经三次被焚毁。第一次是在1069年清真寺发生火灾;第二次是在1400年,中亚 的征服者帖木儿 圍攻大馬士革 時纵火烧毁了清真寺;第三次是在1893年,清真寺再度发生火灾。
今天,倭马亚清真寺中同时保存有先知葉哈雅 和萨拉丁 的陵墓。
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