长老宗(英语:Presbyterianism),其教会称长老教会(英语:Presbyterian church,简称长老会),是基督教新教加尔文宗的一个流派,源自十六世纪的苏格兰改革。 长老教会持守加尔文主义,尤其是苏格兰长老会基本完全延续着喀尔文及其门徒的教义。
20世纪以来,长老会对普世教会合一运动有相当的参与。
制度
教会采长老制,设牧师(Pastor)、传道(Minister)、执事和信徒群众选出的长老,共同处理教会事务。是一个以代议民主形式管理地区教会的制度。[1]
词源
这个教派的名字是源自希腊语词“πρεσβύτερος”(Presbyteros),就是“长老”之意。
起源
长老会的协会起源可以追踪到苏格兰宗教改革,长老教会于1560年由约翰·喀尔文的学生约翰·诺克斯在苏格兰进行宗教改革时正式建立。爱丁堡的圣吉尔斯大教堂有时被认为是世界长老会的母会。
分布
长老教会主要分布于台湾、日本、韩国、英国、爱尔兰、美国、加拿大、澳洲、纽西兰、荷兰、法国、瑞士、巴西、新加坡、越南、马来西亚、印尼、印度等地。
历史背景
苏格兰人约翰·诺克斯(1505年—1572年)在日内瓦学习了加尔文主义,1560年返回到苏格兰后带领苏格兰教会接受改革。
教义
有一些长老派的传统采取了1647年创作的《西敏信条》当他们唯一的信条,作为本会牧师受训练的教条标准。
参见
参考文献
- Stewart J Brown. The National Churches of England, Ireland, and Scotland, 1801–46 (2001)
- William the Baptist by James M. Chaney (Reformed Presbyterian perspective on baptism and infant baptism)
- Jay E. Adams. The Meaning and Mode of Baptism Thomas Shepard . (1975) (Reformed Presbyterian perspective on Aspersion and Affusion)
- THE CHURCH MEMBERSHIP OF CHILDREN, AND THEIR RIGHT TO BAPTISM (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (1662) (Reformed Presbyterian perspective on infants' right to church membership)
- William Henry Foote. Sketches of North Carolina, Historical and Biographical...(1846) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) – full-text history of early North Carolina and its Presbyterian churches
- Andrew Lang. John Knox and the Reformation. Longmans, Green, and Company. 1905 [2015-07-16]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-03).
- William Klempa, ed. The Burning Bush and a Few Acres of Snow: The Presbyterian Contribution to Canadian Life and Culture (1994)
- Marsden, George M. The Evangelical Mind and the New School Presbyterian Experience (1970)
- Mark A Noll. Princeton And The Republic, 1768–1822 (2004)
- Frank Joseph Smith, The History of the Presbyterian Church in America, Reformation Education Foundation, Manassas, VA 1985
- William Warren Sweet, Religion on the American Frontier, 1783—1840, vol. 2, The Presbyterians (1936), primary sources
- Ernest Trice Thompson. Presbyterians in the South vol 1: to 1860; Vol 2: 1861–1890; Vol 3: 1890–1972. (1963–1973)
- Leonard J. Trinterud, The Forming of an American Tradition: A Re-examination of Colonial Presbyterianism (1949)
- Encyclopedia of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America (1884)
- St.Andrews Prebystarian church in Lahore, Pakistan.Church Website (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Presbyterian 101 — Mission and Ministry — GAMC. Pcusa.org. [2011-08-07]. (原始内容存档于2010-04-16).
- History and Architecture :: East Liberty Presbyterian Church, Pittsburgh, PA :: "The Cathedral of Hope". Cathedralofhope.org. [2011-08-07]. (原始内容存档于2011-07-25).
延伸阅读
外部链接